The suspension system of the automobile is designed to ease the impact of road irregularities. The suspension is present in the front and rear ends of the vehicle. The suspension system is a simple arrangement which is done by connecting the front wheels with a rigid front axle just as the rear wheels are connected by the conventional rear axle housing. An Independent-suspension system is one of the types of suspension system that permit the wheels to move independently of each other. This independent front end suspension replaces the rigid-axle type. The types of spring elements used in automobile suspension system are leaf springs, coil springs, torsion bars, rubber-in-shear devices, and air springs. An important factor is spring rate, which depends on the relationship between load and deflection. A soft spring has a low rate and deflects a greater distance under a given load. The torsion bar, a long spring-steel element with one end held rigidly to the frame and the other twisted by a crank connected to the axle, can be designed to provide an increasing spring rate. Thus the suspension system forms the important segment of any vehicles which plays an important role in stabilizing the vehicle on irregular surfaces and assists in have a smooth journey.
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